Europaudvalget 2015-16
EUU Alm.del Bilag 662
Offentligt
The End of Schengen or a
Future for Schengen?
Copenhagen 25 May 2016
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen not new
Abolition of controls at internal borders:
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1952 Common Travel Area (GB and Ierland)
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1957 Nordic Union
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1962 Benelux
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen a magnet
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1984 Agreement Saarbrücken (GE + FR)
1985 Schengen Agreement (GE+FR + Benelux)
1995 Schengen operational in 7 states
2016: Schengen =22 EU + 4 non-EU Member
States
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Schengen is magnet => diversity between MS
major problem (“myth of uniformity”)
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
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 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen is more than borders I
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Schengen was established mainly for
economic
and
political
reasons
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Economic:
Internal Market, international
transport, tourism, cross border employment
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Political:
free movement reinforces relations
and Schengen became core element of EU:
Article 3(2) TEU and Article 67(2) TFEU
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen is more than borders II
Schengen co-operation (acquis) covers also:
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Common visa policy
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Free circulation up to three months
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Schengen Information System
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Dublin
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Police cooperation
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Drugs policy
Denmark fully participates in Schengen acquis
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen core element of EU law
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“The Union
shall offer its citizens an area of
freedom, security and justice without internal
frontiers,
in which the free movement of persons
is ensured in conjunction with appropriate
measures with respect to external border
controls, asylum, immigration and the prevention
and combating of crime.” Article 3(2) TEU
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The Union “shall ensure the
absence of internal
border controls for persons…”
Article 67(2) TFEU
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Schengen
Free movement of
EU citizens
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Schengen:
no controls at internal borders for
all persons plus for lawfully resident Third
Country Nationals (TCN) free travel in
Schengen area up to three months; TCN
no
right to live and work in other Schengen states
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Full free movement
only for EU citizens and
family members: right to enter, to live and
work in other EU Member State
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Temporary re-introduction of controls
at internal borders not new
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Rules in 1990 SIA + 2006 Schengen Border Code
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1996-2015: a single state, 7 - 30 days, summits,
int. conferences, football championships, etc.
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In 2015: high number of refugees, several states,
and for several months; but
only in 6 of 26
Schengen states (AU, GE, SL, DK, SW, NO) and
only at small part of internal borders;
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FR and BE introduced controls for other reasons
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Not in BE, FI, LU, NL, CH with many refugees
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
EU Council Decision 12 May 2016
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On basis Article 29 SBC; allows continuation of
controls at some internal borders due to
disfunctioning controls at Greek external borders
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Only in five Schengen states: AU,GE,DK,SW,NO
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Only at limited part of border, certain points
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For six months; reports to EC every 2 months
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Almost unanimous: opposition Greece + Slovenia
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No exclusion of Greece; no mini-Schengen
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Justification: many refugees => Greek borders?
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Justification still present?
Registered new asylum seekers per month:
Oct/Nov 2015 Mar/April 2016
Germany
206,000
16,000
Sweden
39,000
2.200
Netherlands
10,000
1,200
Denmark
5,000
< 800
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Boarder controls real and symbolic
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Controls at external and internal borders have
effect on movement of persons
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Border controls are partly symbolic, giving
feelings of security, but never fully effective,
even barbed wire (Hungary) or German
electric wires at Belgian-Dutch border in WW-I
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Border control ineffective for fighting most
forms of criminality (lack of focus)
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
End of Schengen?
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Not first time press + politicians: “End of
Schengen” or “Can Schengen be saved?”
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1995-1996: conflict FR
NL drugs policy;
solution => integration Schengen in EU
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2011: conflict Italy
France: Tunesian
migrants; solution => better evaluation system
and longer re-introduction of controls in SBC
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2016: this possibility now applied by Council
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
A Future for Schengen
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Advantages of Schengen co-operation outweigh
risks and disadvantages (magnet)
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High economic and political costs
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Savety valvet in Schengen Border Code works
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Until 2015 only ‘peer review’ by Member State,
now Commission cycle of external expert control
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Commission proposals December 2015 for more
systematic checks at external borders (EU
citizens) and for EU Border Guard
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Each ‘crisis’ in EU results in more EU
 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016 EUU, Alm.del - 2015-16 - Bilag 662: Materialer og program fra Europaudvalgets krydsforhør om migration, Schengensamarbejdet og Dublinforordningen, 25. maj 2016
Costs re-introduction controls at
Schengen internal borders
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Report French government costs for France
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Short term: 1 – 2 billion euro: less tourism
(50%), cross border employment (38%) and
losses international transport (12%)
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Long term: 10-20% less intra Schengen trade
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Yearly loss France 10 billion euro = 0,5% GDP
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Bertelsmann report: loss Germany 8-24 billion
plus political and social costs