Europaudvalget 2017-18
KOM (2016) 0127 Bilag 4
Offentligt
1860246_0001.png
THE EU
and
Social
EUROPEAN
Scoreboard
2017
Headline indicators:
descriptions and
highlights
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0002.png
Disclaimer:
Date of data extraction: October 25
th
2017 for text and charts.
The on-line charts are regularly updated:
https://composite-indicators.jrc.ec.europa.eu/social-scoreboard/#
Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for
the use that might be made of the following information.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017
© European Union, 2017
Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330,
14.12.2011, p. 39).
Cover photos © iStock.com, 2017
For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission
must be sought directly from the copyright holders.
Print
PDF
ISBN 978-92-79-73914-9
ISBN 978-92-79-73916-3
doi:10.2767/458679
doi:10.2767/671997
KE-04-17-879-EN-C
KE-04-17-879-EN-N
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
1
TABLE OF CONTENT
Equal opportunities and access to labour market ............................................................................................................................. 2
1. Education, skills and lifelong learning ................................................................................................................................................2
Early leavers from education and training (% of population aged 18-24) ................................................................................................2
2. Gender equality in the labour market .................................................................................................................................................4
Gender employment gap .....................................................................................................................................................................................................4
3. Inequality and upward mobility .............................................................................................................................................................6
Income inequality measured by the quintile share ratio (S80/S20) ..............................................................................................................6
4. Living conditions and poverty ..................................................................................................................................................................8
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) (% of total population) .........................................................................................8
5. Youth ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................10
Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET rate)
(% of population aged 15-24).......................................................................................................................................................................................10
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions ................................................................................................................. 12
6. Labour force structure ............................................................................................................................................................................12
Employment rate (% of population aged 20-64) ................................................................................................................................................12
Unemployment rate (% of active population aged 15-74) ............................................................................................................................14
7. Labour market dynamics .......................................................................................................................................................................16
Participants in activation-support — labour market policies per 100 persons who want to work (total) ..............................16
8. Income, including employment-related ...........................................................................................................................................17
Real gross household disposable income (Index 2008=100) ........................................................................................................................17
Compensation of employees per hour worked (euros) ......................................................................................................................................19
Public support / social protection and inclusion............................................................................................................................... 21
9. Impact of public policies on reducing poverty .............................................................................................................................21
Impact of social transfers (other than pensions) on poverty reduction.....................................................................................................21
10. Early childhood care ................................................................................................................................................................................23
Children aged less than 3 years in formal childcare ...........................................................................................................................................23
11. Healthcare ....................................................................................................................................................................................................25
Self-reported unmet need for medical care (% of total population)..........................................................................................................25
12. Digital access .............................................................................................................................................................................................27
Individuals’ level of digital skills....................................................................................................................................................................................27
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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2
Social Scoreboard 2017
Equal opportunities and access to labour market
1. EDUCATION, SKILLS AND LIFELONG LEARNING
EARLY LEAVERS FROM EDUCATION AND TRAINING (% OF POPULATION AGED 18-24)
Description:
Early leaver from education and
training refers to a person aged 18 to 24 who has
completed at most lower secondary education and
is not involved in further education or training. The
indicator is expressed as a percentage of the total
population aged 18 to 24.
Highlights:
In the EU, the share of early leavers
from education and training has been falling
continuously since 2005. Despite improvements
in some southern EU Member States, disparities
across EU Member States persist up to now
(ranging from 2.8% in Croatia to 19.7 in Malta,
2016).
Figure 1:
Early leavers from education and training (% of population aged 18-24)
in EU Member States
20
20.0
19.0
19.8
19.7
19.1
18.5
2015
2016
15
14.7
13.8
13.7
14.0
13.4
13.8
11.6
11.1
11.6
12.4
12.2
10.1
10.3
10.1
9.9
10.0
10
11.0
10.7
10.8
11.2
10.9
9.3
8.8
9.2
8.8
9.2
7.9
8.2
8.0
7.9
7.8
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.3
6.9
6.9
7.7
6.9
6.3
5.5
5.5
4.8
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.0
4.9
5
6.2
6.2
6.6
7.6
0
United Kingdom
Portugal
Romania
Hungary
Spain
Malta
Italy
Bulgaria
Estonia
EU28
EA19
Germany
Belgium
Latvia
France
Finland
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Lithuania
Denmark
Austria
Slovakia
Greece
Sweden
Ireland
Poland
Cyprus
Slovenia
Croatia
Source:
Eurostat (tsdsc410)
2.8
2.8
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
3
Figure 2:
Share of early leavers from education and training in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
17.5
17.2
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
16.7
16.3
15.7
15.4
14.6
13.8
15.7
15.3
14.9
14.7
14.2
13.9
13.4
12.7
12.8
11.9
11.9
11.2
11.0
2015
11.6
11.1
10.7
2016
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Source:
Eurostat (tsdsc410)
Figure 3:
Share of early leavers from education and training in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
38.5
15.7
12.4
10
6.9
2.7
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst the
map shows the colors
corresponding to the
values of the indicator in
2016.This representation
allows comparisons
across countries and over
time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tsdsc410)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0006.png
4
Social Scoreboard 2017
Equal opportunities and access to labour market
2. GENDER EQUALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET
GENDER EMPLOYMENT GAP
Description:
Difference in the employment rates
between men and women aged 20-64.
Highlights:
The reduction of the gender
employment gap seems to be on the right track.
On average in the EU, this difference decreased
from 15.9% in 2005 to 11.6% in 2016. Yet, the
declining trend in the gender employment gap in
recent years is to some extent due to a decreasing
employment of men (unfavourable development);
and not only due to an increasing employment
rate of women (favourable development). In 2016,
gender employment gaps range from 1.9% in
Lithuania to 27.7% in Malta.
Figure 4:
Gender employment gap
30
2015
2016
27.8
27.7
25
20.0
20.1
20
18.0
19.0
17.5
17.6
14.7
14.2
15
16.6
16.0
13.8
14.2
13.7
14.0
12.5
12.3
11.7
11.0
11.6
11.6
11.2
11.0
11.2
11.5
11.2
11.2
9.5
9.6
9.7
8.7
8.2
8.6
8.3
10
11.1
11.0
8.3
9.3
8.2
7.8
7.9
8.2
7.6
6.7
7.2
7.5
5
6.6
7.3
4.2
3.8
6.6
6.7
6.8
4.1
2.9
2.4
1.9
Greece
Romania
Czech Republic
Slovakia
Poland
Hungary
Ireland
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Croatia
Germany
Cyprus
France
Malta
Italy
EU28
EA19
Spain
Portugal
Bulgaria
United Kingdom
Belgium
Denmark
Sweden
Austria
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Source:
Eurostat (tesem060)
Slovenia
Finland
0
2.1
3.3
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
5
Figure 5:
Gender employment gap in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
17.3
16.9
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
16.6
15.7
15.9
15.7
15.5
15.0
13.8
13.2
13.4
13.0
12.9
12.8
12.2
12.1
11.7
11.4
11.5
11.2
2014
11.6
11.2
2015
11.6
11.2
2016
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Source:
Eurostat (tesem060)
Figure 6:
Gender employment gap in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
44.9
17.2
13.3
11.1
7.5
0.3
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tesem060)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0008.png
6
Social Scoreboard 2017
Equal opportunities and access to labour market
3. INEQUALITY AND UPWARD MOBILITY
INCOME INEQUALITY MEASURED BY THE QUINTILE SHARE RATIO (S80/S20)
Description:
The income quintile share ratio or
S80/S20 ratio is a measure of the inequality of
income distribution. It is calculated as the ratio of
total income received by the 20% of the population
with the highest income (top quintile) to that
received by the 20% of the population with the
lowest income (lowest quintile).
Highlights:
The inequality of income distribution
in the EU has increased slightly since 2010, with
the richest 20% of the population earning about
five times more than the poorest 20%. Additional
efforts need to be done to bridge the gap between
the “haves” and the “have nots”. Considerable
differences are found between Member States,
with the income quintile share ratio ranging
in 2016 from 7.9 in Bulgaria to 3.5 the Czech
Republic.
Figure 7:
Income quintile share ratio (S80/S20)
10
2015
2016
7.9
7.2
7.1
7.5
7.1
6.9
6.6
8
8.3
6.2
6.0
5.9
6
6.5
6.2
6.5
6.6
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
4.9
5.2
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.6
2
0
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
Spain
Latvia
Greece
Estonia
Portugal
Italy
Lithuania
Romania
EA19
Cyprus
Poland
Ireland
Germany
Hungary
Denmark
Belgium
EU28
Croatia
France
Malta
Sweden
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Source:
Eurostat (tessi180)
3.5
3.5
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
7
Figure 8:
Income quintile share ratio in the EU 28 and euro area (2005-2016)
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tessi180)
Figure 9:
Income quintile share ratio in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: 0-1
8.3
5.9
5.0
4.3
3.8
3.2
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tessi180)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0010.png
8
Social Scoreboard 2017
Equal opportunities and access to labour market
4. LIVING CONDITIONS AND POVERTY
PEOPLE AT RISK OF POVERTY OR SOCIAL EXCLUSION (AROPE) (% OF TOTAL POPULATION)
Description:
People are considered to be at risk
of poverty or social exclusion if they experience
one or more of the following three conditions:
• Being severely materially deprived–with living
conditions constrained by a lack of resources
as measured in terms of being deprived of four
of nine items: unable to afford 1) to pay rent/
mortgage or utility bills on time; 2) to keep their
home adequately warm; 3) to face unexpected
expenses; 4) to eat meat, fish or a protein
equivalent every second day; 5) a one week
holiday away from home; 6) a car, 7) a washing
machine, 8) a colour TV or 9) a telephone
(including mobile phone). This indicator captures
absolute poverty in some degree and is measured
in the same way in all Member States.
• Living in a jobless household or household with
very low work intensity–where on average those
of working-age (18–59) worked less than 20% of
their potential total working hours over the past
year, either because of not being employed or
working part-time rather than full-time (students
are excluded from the calculation).
• Being at risk of poverty–living in a household
with an ‘equivalised disposable income’
(equivalised means adjusted for the size and
composition of households) below the at-risk-
of-poverty threshold, set at 60% of the national
median equivalised disposable income.
This is a measure of relative poverty. The total
number of people at risk of poverty or social
exclusion is less than the sum of the numbers in
each category, as many fall into more than one of
these categories.
Highlights:
In 2016, one out of four people in
the EU is at risk of poverty or social exclusion.
A detailed look reveals that one third of young
people aged 18 to 24, one third of people with at
most lower secondary education, and two thirds
of unemployed people were at risk of poverty or
social exclusion.
Figure 10:
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (% of total population)
50
2015
2016
41.3
40.4
40
37.4
38.8
30.9
28.5
29.3
30.1
30
35.7
35.6
29.1
27.9
28.9
27.7
28.7
28.6
27.9
28.2
26.3
26.6
25.1
26.0
24.2
24.4
23.8
23.4
23.4
21.9
23.5
22.2
23.1
22.9
21.1
20.7
20.0
19.7
20
22.4
20.1
19.2
18.4
18.6
18.3
18.5
18.4
18.1
18.3
18.0
17.7
16.7
17.7
18.2
16.8
16.6
16.4
16.7
10
0
Lithuania
Denmark
Bulgaria
Romania
Portugal
Hungary
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Czech
Republic
EU28
United
Kingdom
Estonia
Belgium
Germany
Slovenia
Sweden
Slovakia
Finland
Cyprus
Croatia
Poland
Ireland
Austria
Greece
France
Spain
Italy
EA19
Latvia
Malta
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_lm410)
14.0
13.3
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0011.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
9
Figure 11:
Share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in EU Member States (2005-2016)
24.7
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
24.3
23.7
23.5
23.1
23.1
22.9
24.6
24.4
23.8
23.4
23.3
22.9
22.0
22.1
21.9
22.0
21.6
21.7
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_lm410)
Figure 12:
Share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
61.3
29.4
24.7
21.0
18.0
13.9
No data
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_lm410)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0012.png
10
Social Scoreboard 2017
Equal opportunities and access to labour market
5. YOUTH
YOUNG PEOPLE NEITHER IN EMPLOYMENT NOR IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING (NEET RATE)
(% OF POPULATION AGED 15-24)
Description:
Young people neither in employment
nor in education and training corresponds to the
share of the population aged 15 to 24 who are not
employed and not involved in education or training.
Highlights:
The share of young people neither
in employment nor in education and training
declined from 13.2% in 2012 to 11.6% in 2016.
Considerable differences are found between
Member States, with the NEET ranging in 2016
from 4.6 in the Netherlands to 19.9 in Italy.
Figure 13:
Young people neither in employment nor in education and training (NEET rate)
(% of population aged 15-24)
25
2015
2016
19.9
20
21.4
19.3
18.2
18.1
17.4
18.1
16.9
17.2
15
15.6
14.6
15.3
16.0
15.8
14.3
13.0
12.3
13.7
12.2
11.7
12.2
12.0
11.9
12.0
11.6
11.6
11.0
11.3
10.6
11.0
10.5
9.9
10.4
10
10.6
9.9
10.5
11.2
11.1
10.9
10.8
9.5
8.0
9.1
8.5
9.2
9.4
7.5
7.0
7.5
7.7
6.7
6.5
6.2
5.8
6.2
6.7
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Czech Republic
Source:
Eurostat (tesem150)
Netherlands
Poland
Estonia
Finland
Latvia
Malta
Romania
Slovenia
EA19
Slovakia
Hungary
Italy
Bulgaria
Croatia
Greece
Spain
Cyprus
Ireland
Belgium
France
EU28
Portugal
Lithuania
Denmark
Austria
Sweden
Germany
0
4.7
4.6
5
6.2
5.4
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
11
Figure 14:
NEET rate in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
12.7
11.7
11.0
11.3
12.6
12.4
11.0
10.9
12.8
12.8
12.9
12.7
13.2
13.1
13.0
12.6
12.9
12.5
12.0
11.6
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
12.2
11.7
12.1
10.8
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tesem150)
Figure 15:
NEET rate in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
25.1
15.1
12.2
10.7
7.8
3.4
No data
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tesem150)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0014.png
12
Social Scoreboard 2017
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions
6. LABOUR FORCE STRUCTURE
EMPLOYMENT RATE (% OF POPULATION AGED 20-64)
Description:
The employment rate is the
percentage of employed persons in relation to the
total population in the same age group.
Highlights:
For the first time since 2008, the
employment rate in the EU reached 70% for the
working age population (20 – 64 years) in 2015.
In 2016, modest or notable improvements in
the employment rates were recoded for most
Member States. The educational background has a
distinct influence on employability, as employment
rates are higher among highly-educated persons
compared to persons with lower education level.
Figure 16:
Employment rate (% of population aged 20-64)
90
2015
2016
80.5
81.2
80
74.8
76.7
76.5
77.4
76.4
77.1
76.5
76.6
76.8
77.5
78.0
78.6
73.3
75.2
71.5
70.1
71.1
68.7
70.3
69.1
70.1
69.1
70.6
67.7
69.8
67.8
69.6
67.8
69.3
67.1
67.7
50
40
Lithuania
Austria
Denmark
Hungary
Portugal
Romania
Bulgaria
Belgium
Slovakia
Slovenia
Estonia
Greece
Italy
Cyprus
EA19
France
Croatia
Spain
Malta
Poland
Ireland
EU28
Germany
Luxembourg
Czech Republic
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Sweden
Latvia
Finland
Source:
Eurostat (tesem010)
54.9
56.2
60.6
61.4
60
60.5
61.6
62.0
63.9
66.0
66.3
67.2
67.7
67.9
68.7
68.9
69.0
70.0
69.5
70.0
70.9
70.7
70
72.5
73.2
72.9
73.4
74.3
74.8
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0015.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
13
Figure 17:
Employment rate in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
67.9
67.9
69.0
68.9
69.9
69.8
70.3
70.2
69.0
68.8
68.6
68.4
68.6
68.4
68.4
68.0
68.4
67.7
69.2
68.2
70.1
69.0
71.1
70.0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tesem010)
Figure 18:
Employment rate in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
52.9
64.4
67.8
70.7
74.2
81.2
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tesem010)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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14
Social Scoreboard 2017
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (% OF ACTIVE POPULATION AGED 15-74)
Description:
An unemployed person is defined as
someone without work during the reference week;
available to start work within the next two weeks
(or has already found a job to start within the next
three months); actively having sought employment
at some time during the last four weeks. The
unemployment rate is the number of unemployed
people expressed as a percentage of the total
labour force.
Highlights:
Unemployment rates differ widely
across EU Member States from 4.1% in Germany
to 23.6% in Greece, in 2016. Moreover, the
impact of the financial and economic crisis on
unemployment rates in the Member States has
also been heterogeneous, with some Member
States showing an increase and others a decrease
in their unemployment rate compared to their
pre-crisis situation. All EU Member States had
higher unemployment rates than Japan and higher
or similar unemployment rates to the United
States, in 2016.
Figure 19:
Unemployment rate (% of active population aged 15-74)
23.6
24.9
25
20
19.6
22.1
2015
2016
13.4
9.7
10.9
10.0
10.4
10.1
9.9
9.6
9.4
8.6
9,4
8.8
9.4
7.9
9.2
7.6
9.1
7.9
9.0
8.0
8.5
7.8
7.5
10
11.2
11.9
11.7
11.5
13.0
12.6
15.0
15
16.1
7.4
6.9
6.9
6.0
6.8
5.1
0
Greece
Croatia
Cyprus
Portugal
Italy
Slovakia
EA19
France
Latvia
EU28
Slovenia
Sweden
Netherlands
Hungary
Romania
Estonia
Austria
Malta
Czech Republic
Germany
United States
Finland
Ireland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Belgium
Poland
Luxembourg
Denmark
United Kingdom
Japan
Spain
Source:
Eurostat (tesem120)
5.1
4.0
4.6
4.1
5.3
4.9
3.4
3.1
5
6.8
5.9
6.5
5.9
6.2
6.8
6.2
6.2
5.7
6.0
5.4
4.7
5.3
4.8
6.2
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0017.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
15
Figure 20:
Unemployment rate in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
11.4
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
9.6
9.1
9.0
8.4
12.0
10.9
11.6
10.9
10.2
10.2
9.7
10.5
10.0
10.2
9.4
8.6
9.6
9.0
7.5
7.2
7.6
8.2
7.0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2005
2006
2007
Source:
Eurostat (tesem120)
Figure 21:
Unemployment rate in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
27.5
11.5
8.7
7.4
5.9
2.8
No data
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tesem120)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0018.png
16
Social Scoreboard 2017
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions
7. LABOUR MARKET DYNAMICS
PARTICIPANTS IN ACTIVATION-SUPPORT — LABOUR MARKET POLICIES
PER 100 PERSONS WHO WANT TO WORK (TOTAL)
Description:
The share of participants to
activation –support- labour market policies per 100
persons who want to work. These labour market
policies cover interventions that provide temporary
support for groups that are disadvantaged in the
labour market and which aim at activating the
unemployed, helping people move from involuntary
inactivity into employment, or maintaining the jobs
of persons threatened by unemployment. Types
of intervention: training, employment incentives,
supported employment and rehabilitation, direct
job creation and start-up incentives.
Highlights:
In 2015, the number of participants
varied widely in the EU Member States, ranging
from less than 3% in Bulgaria to nearly 50% or
more in Belgium and Denmark. No data availability
for Estonia, Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Italy, Matla,
Poland and the United Kingdom.
Figure 22:
Participants in activation-support — labour market policies per 100 persons who want to
work (total)
60
2015
50
49.6
28.3
28.5
54.5
2.7
3.1
4.3
5.0
6.5
7.8
9.2
13.4
13.6
20.8
21.2
21.8
26.8
28.6
29.9
30.3
40.0
40.7
41.2
42.1
40
30
20
10
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc210)
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Bulgaria
Romania
Latvia
Estonia
Croatia
Slovenia
Cyprus
Hungary
France
Sweden
Belgium
Denmark
EU28
Greece
EA19
Italy
Ireland
Lithuania
Germany
Slovakia
Poland
Austria
Finland
Portugal
Malta
Spain
0
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0019.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
17
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions
8. INCOME, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT-RELATED
REAL GROSS HOUSEHOLD DISPOSABLE INCOME (INDEX 2008=100)
Description:
The real adjusted gross disposable
income of households per capita in PPS (index
= 2008) is calculated as the adjusted gross
disposable income of households and Non-Profit
Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) divided
by the purchasing power parities (PPP) of the
actual individual consumption of households, by
the price deflator (price index) of household final
consumption expenditure and by the total resident
population. Then the indicator is indexed with base
year 2008.
Highlights:
Since 2005, the real gross household
disposable income has shown a mixed trend. In
2015, nine EU Member States - Greece, Cyprus,
Italy, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom, Austria,
Portugal and Slovenia - had less real gross
household disposable income compared to 2008.
Figure 23:
Real gross household disposable income (index 2008=100)
150
2015
2016
118.0
120.6
122.1
120
107.7
107.4
107.9
105.9
109.2
108.2
112.9
109.4
113.1
111.8
114.0
115.2
116.8
116.6
95.6
96.6
95.6
60
30
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Lithuania
Spain
Portugal
Slovenia
Finland
EU28
Sweden
Ireland
Belgium
Denmark
France
Austria
Hungary
Estonia
Germany
Latvia
Slovakia
Bulgaria
Poland
Romania
EA19
Croatia
Greece
Cyprus
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc310)
Malta
Italy
0
73.1
77.5
91.4
90.2
93.5
92.8
90
96.0
94.8
96.9
96.1
97.0
98.4
100.6
103.1
100.2
101.0
103.0
100.8
99.1
102.5
101.4
102.8
106.1
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0020.png
18
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 24:
Real gross household disposable income in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
100.9
102.1
99.2
101.4
98.3
101.2
101.0
98.0
103.0
100.2
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.7
98.5
99.8
97.6
98.6
96.9
98.4
96.3
99.3
95.9
97.7
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc310)
Figure 25:
Real gross household disposable income in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: Index 2008=100
70.2
93.9
97.7
100.0
102.4
122.1
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc310)
MT
CY
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Social Scoreboard 2017
19
Dynamic labour markets and fair working conditions
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES PER HOUR WORKED (EUROS)
Description:
Compensation of employees
includes wages, salaries in cash and in kind,
employers’ social security contributions.
Highlights:
Compensation per employee has
not ceased to increase, even so during the crisis
years. Considerable differences are found between
Member States, with the compensation per
employee ranging in 2016 from 4.6 € per hour
worked in Bulgaria to 43.3 € in Luxembourg.
Figure 26:
Compensation of employees per hour worked (euros)
50
2015
2016
40
37.9
37.8
38.3
38.9
28.7
29.2
28.2
29.0
26.0
26.5
28.9
29.0
4.4
4.9
Germany
Lithuania
Romania
Bulgaria
Hungary
Finland
Poland
Croatia
France
Latvia
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc320)
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Belgium
Netherlands
Denmark
Slovakia
Estonia
Portugal
Malta
Slovenia
Austria
Greece
Cyprus
Spain
Italy
EU28
EA19
Ireland
Sweden
0
4.5
4.6
6.3
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.9
8.4
8.5
8.8
9.2
9.3
9.8
10.8
11.1
9.3
9.5
10
11.3
11.3
12.3
12.2
14.2
14.1
15.2
15.7
19.3
19.4
20
22.6
22.6
22.9
22.8
26.4
29.2
29.7
30.0
30
30.5
31.3
32.2
33.7
33.4
33.7
43.0
43.3
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0022.png
20
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 27:
Compensation of employees per hour worked in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
20.8
21.3
21.8
22.5
23.3
23.7
24.3
24.9
25.4
25.8
26.0
26.5
18.4
19.0
19.5
19.6
19.7
20.5
20.9
21.6
21.9
22.2
22.9
22.8
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc320)
Figure 28:
Compensation of employees per hour worked in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: EUR
1.9
6.7
11.6
22.1
28.0
43.0
No data
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_wc320)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0023.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
21
Public support / social protection and inclusion
9. IMPACT OF PUBLIC POLICIES
ON REDUCING POVERTY
IMPACT OF SOCIAL TRANSFERS (OTHER THAN PENSIONS) ON POVERTY REDUCTION
Description:
Reduction in percentage of the risk
of poverty rate, due to social transfers (calculated
comparing at-risk-of-poverty rates before social
transfers with those after transfers).
Highlights:
in 2015, social transfers reduced the
share of people at risk of poverty in one third of its
original value (33.7%). This impact ranged widely
across Member States from 13.3 percentage points
in Romania to 55.0 percentage points in Ireland.
Figure 29:
Impact of social transfers (other than pensions) on poverty reduction
60
54.9
50
45.3
45.8
45.7
46.3
47.9
44.1
41.0
42.0
43.8
42.3
42.8
43.1
42.3
43.3
43.4
43.7
40
33.4
34.7
35.2
35.4
36.2
35.6
31.2
30.6
30.9
30
22.3
24.9
23.1
24.4
26.1
24.0
26.5
24.4
33.0
33.7
21.5
21.6
20
16.0
15.8
22.3
21.5
10
Greece
Italy
Bulgaria
Portugal
Spain
Malta
EA19
Germany
EU28
Croatia
Cyprus
Hungary
Czech Republic
France
Sweden
Austria
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Romania
Latvia
Estonia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
Source:
Eurostat (tespm050)
Slovenia
Ireland
0
13.3
14.2
17.5
17.9
22.5
28.5
42.2
40.4
42.5
52.7
52.2
53.7
2015
2016
57.0
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0024.png
22
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 30:
Impact of social transfers in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
36.5
36.4
37.1
34.8
35.3
34.5
33.4
33.6
32.9
34.6
34.5
33.7
34.1
33.7
33.0
36.3
35.7
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tespm050)
Figure 31:
Impact of social transfers in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
12.4
24.8
33.7
42.8
49.8
66.9
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tespm050)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0025.png
Social Scoreboard 2017
23
Public support / social protection and inclusion
10. EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE
CHILDREN AGED LESS THAN 3 YEARS IN FORMAL CHILDCARE
Description:
Children cared for in formal child
care, expressed as a percentage of all children of
the same age group.
Highlights:
In 2015, the share of children aged
0-3 in formal childcare ranges widely across
Member States, from 1.1% in Slovakia to 77.3%
Denmark. In the long-run, investment in childcare
and pre-primary education offers higher returns
and is more likely to help children from low socio-
economic status.
Figure 32:
Children in formal childcare (% of children aged less than 3 years)
80
2015
77.3
70
60
30.4
1.1
2.9
Czech Republic
Bulgaria
Romania
Greece
Croatia
Hungary
Cyprus
EU28
EA19
France
Slovakia
Lithuania
Germany
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Netherlands
Portugal
Poland
Malta
Estonia
Austria
Latvia
Italy
Ireland
Finland
Spain
Belgium
Luxembourg
Sweden
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_sp210)
Denmark
0
5.4
9.0
9.4
9.7
11.4
11.8
10
15.3
17.9
20.8
21.5
22.2
20
22.8
25.9
27.3
30.3
30.6
30
32.6
33.9
37.4
39.7
41.8
40
46.3
47.2
50.1
51.9
50
64.0
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0026.png
24
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 33:
Children in formal childcare in the EU28 and euro area (2005-2016)
31.0
33.0
31.0
29.0
27.0
31.0
32.3
33.9
30.0
27.0
27.0
26.0
30.0
30.3
28.0
28.4
28.0
European Union (28 countries)
Euro area (19 countries)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_sp210)
Figure 34:
Children in formal childcarein EU Member States (2015)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
1.0
8.0
19.0
27.3
38.0
78.0
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2015. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_sp210)
MT
CY
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Social Scoreboard 2017
25
Public support / social protection and inclusion
11. HEALTHCARE
SELF-REPORTED UNMET NEED FOR MEDICAL CARE (% OF TOTAL POPULATION)
Description:
Self-reported unmet needs for
medical care concern a person’s own assessment
of whether he or she needed examination or
treatment for a specific type of health care, but
did not have it or did not seek it because of
the following three reasons: ‘Financial reasons’,
‘Waiting list’ and ‘Too far to travel’. The problems
that people report in obtaining care when they are
ill often reflect significant barriers to care. Medical
care refers to individual healthcare services
(medical examination or treatment excluding
dental care) provided by or under direct supervision
of medical doctors or equivalent professions
according to national healthcare systems. Data are
collected from the ‘European Statistics of Income
and Living Condition’ survey and refer to such
needs during the previous 12 months. Data are
expressed as percentages within the population
aged 16 years old and over living in private
households.
Highlights:
The share of the population reporting
that they are not able to meet their medical needs,
in particular for financial reasons, showed an
increasing trend after the crisis. On average across
EU countries, four times more people in low income
groups reported unmet medical needs for financial,
geographic or waiting time reasons as did people
in high income groups (6.4% versus 1.5%).The
main reason for people in low income groups to
report unmet health care needs was that care was
too expensive. Any increase in unmet care needs,
particularly among people with low income, may
result in poorer health status for the population
affected and increase health inequalities. In 2015,
the share of the population reporting that they are
not able to meet their medical needs ranged from
merely 0.1% in Austria and the Netherlands to
more than 10% in Greece and in Estonia.
Figure 35:
Self-reported unmet need for medical care (% of total population)
15
2015
2016
12.3
9.4
8.4
8.2
7.3
9
12.7
12
6.5
6
7.2
4.7
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.9
3
4.3
4.1
2.8
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.1
1.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
0.5
0.2
1.0
0
Estonia
Greece
Romania
Latvia
Italy
Bulgaria
EU28
Portugal
Poland
Finland
Lithuania
United Kingdom
Hungary
Belgium
Slovakia
Croatia
Cyprus
France
Sweden
1.0
Malta
Czech Republic
Germany
Netherlands
0.1
0.2
0.1
Ireland
Denmark
Luxembourg
Spain
Slovenia
Source:
Eurostat (tespm110)
Austria
EA19
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0028.png
26
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 36:
Self-reported unmet need for medical care in EU Member States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
19.2
6.5
3.1
1.7
0.7
0
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tespm110)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
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Social Scoreboard 2017
27
Public support / social protection and inclusion
12. DIGITAL ACCESS
INDIVIDUALS’ LEVEL OF DIGITAL SKILLS
Description:
Share of people with either basic
or above basic overall digital skills expressed as a
percentage of the population aged 16-74 years.
Highlights:
Digital skills are central to a
knowledge based economy and increasingly
important in daily life. However, the level of digital
skills of the EU population seems insufficient. In
2016, 44% of the EU population did not have basic
digital skills.
Figure 37:
Population with at least basic digital skills (% of total population aged 16-74)
100
2015
2016
80
72.0
77.0
72.0
69.0
74.0
73.0
75.0
78.0
86.0
86.0
64.0
65.0
60.0
61.0
57.0
56.0
51.0
55.0
53.0
55.0
51.0
52.0
51.0
53.0
40.0
44.0
43.0
44.0
26.0
28.0
31.0
26.0
43.0
43.0
44.0
44.0
44.0
46.0
48.0
48.0
49.0
50.0
52.0
49.0
50.0
51.0
54.0
53.0
57.0
54.0
55.0
56.0
60.0
65.0
67.0
68.0
67.0
69.0
60
40
20
Belgium
Austria
Estonia
Lithuania
Germany
Romania
Bulgaria
Latvia
Portugal
Hungary
Poland
Cyprus
Ireland
Greece
Sweden
Finland
Czech Republic
Denmark
Slovenia
Malta
Slovakia
Croatia
Spain
EU28
France
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_sp410)
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Netherlands
EA19
Italy
0
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0030.png
28
Social Scoreboard 2017
Figure 38:
Population with at least basic digital skills (% of total population aged 16-74) in EU Member
States (2016)
FI
SE
EE
LV
LT
UK
NL
BE
LU
DE
CZ
SK
FR
AT
SI
HR
HU
RO
PL
Unit: %
26
44
51
57
71
86
No data
The legend values are
drawn from 11 years
of observations
(2005-2015), whilst
the map shows the
colors corresponding
to the values of the
indicator in 2016. This
representation allows
comparisons across
countries and over time.
IE
DK
PT
ES
IT
BG
EL
Source:
Eurostat (tepsr_sp410)
MT
CY
 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0031.png
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 kom (2016) 0127 - Bilag 4: Rapport vedr. Kommissionens social scoreboard 2017
1860246_0032.png
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For more information
on the European Pillar of Social Rights,
please visit
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