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Europaudvalget 2017
KOM (2017) 0688
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EUROPEAN

COMMISSION

Brussels, 23.11.2017

SWD(2017) 401 final

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT

Energy Union Factsheet Lithuania

Accompanying the document

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

COMMITTEE, THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS AND THE EUROPEAN

INVESTMENT BANK

Third Report on the State of the Energy Union

{COM(2017) 688 final} - {SWD(2017) 384 final} - {SWD(2017) 385 final} -

{SWD(2017) 386 final} - {SWD(2017) 387 final} - {SWD(2017) 388 final} -

{SWD(2017) 389 final} - {SWD(2017) 390 final} - {SWD(2017) 391 final} -

{SWD(2017) 392 final} - {SWD(2017) 393 final} - {SWD(2017) 394 final} -

{SWD(2017) 395 final} - {SWD(2017) 396 final} - {SWD(2017) 397 final} -

{SWD(2017) 398 final} - {SWD(2017) 399 final} - {SWD(2017) 402 final} -

{SWD(2017) 404 final} - {SWD(2017) 405 final} - {SWD(2017) 406 final} -

{SWD(2017) 407 final} - {SWD(2017) 408 final} - {SWD(2017) 409 final} -

{SWD(2017) 411 final} - {SWD(2017) 412 final} - {SWD(2017) 413 final} -

{SWD(2017) 414 final}

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Energy Union

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Lithuania

Energy Union factsheet

1. Macro-economic implications of energy activities

Energy and transport are key sectors for the overall functioning of the economy as they provide an

important input and service to the other sectors of the economy. Together the activity in these two

sectors

accounted for 13.6% of the total value added of Lithuania in 2015, twice as much the EU

average. Similarly, their share in total employment

was 8.3% in 2015, of which 7.5% in the transport

sector and 0.8% in the energy sector.

Value added of the sector as % of total

economy gross value added

Employment in the sector as % of total

employment

Energy&Transport as % of total employment:

Energy&Transport as % of total GVA:

13,00

[%]

13,57

6,64

6,88

[%]

7,50

8,29

5,57

5,46

2005

2015

2005

2015

EU28

2005

2015

2005

2015

EU28

Energy

Transport

Energy

Transport

(source: Eurostat)

According to EurObserv'ER, in 2015, the share of direct and indirect renewable energy related

employment in total employment of the economy in Lithuania was at about 0.42%. The turnover of

the renewable energy industry in the same year was estimated at around EUR 0.65 billion, about

more than half being attributed to the biomass (53.8% of total renewable turnover) followed by wind

(30.7%) and biofuels industries (10%).

The indicators used in this country factsheet largely build on indicators developed for the Commission Staff

Working Document "Monitoring progress towards the Energy Union objectives

–

key indicators"

(SWD(2017) 32 final)

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/swd-energy-union-key-

indicators_en.pdf

Gross value added and employment in NACE sectors D-Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

and H-Transportation and storage

National Accounts, Eurostat

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(source: EC based on Eurobserv'Er and Eurostat)

The decarbonisation of the energy and transport sectors will require significant investments and

economic activity beyond the remit of these sectors themselves. The energy transition implies a

structural shift in economic activity. Energy-related investment and jobs will in part migrate from

traditional fossil fuel based activities towards construction, equipment manufacturing and other

services related to the deployment of low carbon and clean energy technologies. At the moment, the

efforts related to the energy transition in other sectors can only be partially quantified and are

therefore not included.

In terms of the energy trade, Lithuania is a net importer of gas, fossil fuels and electricity. The trade

deficit in energy products has remained broadly stable compared to 2006 at about 3.5% of GDP but

the composition has changed significantly. Net imports of oil have fallen, whereas net imports of gas

and electricity have increased.

Trade balance of energy product and current account

balance

Trade balance of all energy products [%GDP]:

-3,32

-3,58

-2,24

-1,69

4,0

[% of GDP]

2,0

0,0

-2,0

-4,0

-6,0

-8,0

-10,0

2006

2015

Gas

Oil

Coal

Electricity

2006

EU28

2015

(source: Eurostat)

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2. Energy security, solidarity and trust

2.1. Energy Mix

In comparison to the average energy mix of primary products in the EU, Lithuania's energy mix has a

much higher share of renewable energy (22.5% vs 13.0%) and a higher share of natural gas (32.9% vs

22.0%). The share of oil (41.3% vs 34.4%) is slightly higher. Conversely, solid fuels have a much lower

importance (3% vs 16.2%). Nuclear energy has no role in the energy mix due to the closure of the

Ignalina nuclear power plant.

2015 LT: Energy mix*

GIC - total:

GIC - energy mix*:

6,9 Mtoe

6,3 Mtoe

2015 EU28: Energy mix*

GIC - total:

GIC - energy mix*

1627,5 Mtoe

1626,2 Mtoe

0,4%

waste

22,5%

renewables

0,0%

nuclear

32,9%

natural gas

41,3%

oil

0,8%

waste

13,0%

renewables

13,6%

nuclear

22,0%

natural gas

34,4%

oil

16,2%

solid fuels

*energy mix as share

share in GIC-excluding electricity and derived heat exchanges

GIC=gross inland consumption

3,0%

solid fuels

(source: Eurostat)

2.2. Import dependency and security of supply

78.4 % of Lithuania's energy consumption comes from imports, significantly higher than the EU

average. This is mainly due to the dependence of natural gas, crude oil and NGL from Russia (82.6 %

and 82.9 % of imports from non-EU countries, respectively). For natural gas, however, the LNG

Terminal in Klaipeda, which was put in operation in December 2014, has allowed for significant

diversification of gas import.

The overall import dependency of Lithuania increased about 21.6 p.p. between 2005 and 2015,

whilst at the EU level, import dependency increased by 1.9 p.p. over the same period.

Import dependency

absolute change 2005-2015 [pp]

1,9% 21,7%

12,0% -1,0%

7,2% 4,2%

8,4% -9,9%

2015: Top non-EU suppliers for main energy carriers*

Natural gas

Crude oil and NGL

Hard coal

99,7%

99,5%

EU28

Russia

37,3%

Norway

32,8%

Algeria

10,7%

Russia

82,9%

Kazakhsta

9,2%

EU28

Russia

28,8%

Norway

12,4%

Nigeria

8,3%

Russia

100,0%

EU28

Russia

29,1%

Colombia

24,3%

United

States

16,0%

78,4%

120%

54,0%

69,1%

88,4%

64,1%

90,1%

Russia

82,6%

Norway

17,4%

80%

40%

EU28

total energy

carriers

natural gas

2005

crude oil and NGL

2015

hard coal

*share in total imports for the MS and in total non-EU imports for the EU28

(source: Eurostat)

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The security of gas supply regulation requires that, if the single largest gas infrastructure fails in one

Member State, the capacity of the remaining infrastructure is able to satisfy total gas demand during

a day of exceptionally high gas demand. Lithuania complies with this rule.

N-1 rule for gas

117,0%

2016

threshold 100%

(source: gas coordination group)

3. Internal market

3.1. Interconnections and wholesale market functioning

3.1.1. Electricity

(

source: EC services based on ENTSOE

European power exchanges)

source: EC services based on Eurostat

source: EC services based on Platts and

Lithuania is part of the Nordic and Baltic wholesale electricity market. The interconnection capacity

for electricity in the Baltic States increased to around 10% after the Estlink2 interconnection with

Finland entered into operation in 2014. Once the LitPol Link (connecting Lithuania and Poland) and

NordBalt (connecting Lithuania and Sweden) began operating, the interconnection level

rose to the

The interconnectivity level is calculated as a ratio between import interconnection and net generation capacities

of the country (i.e. the 2017 value is the ratio between simultaneous import interconnection capacity [GW]

and net generating capacity [GW] in the country at 11 January 2017, 19:00 pm as resulted from ENTSO-E

Winter Outlook 2016/2017). For the three Baltic states it is considered the common interconnection level

with the rest of the EU.

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current 23.7% for the three Baltic States together. The launch of the NordBalt interconnection

remarkably increased the connectivity of the Baltic States with the Nordic power market.

Better interconnections have increased competition and at the same time benefitted not only

Lithuanian but also Latvian and Estonian electricity consumers.

In 2015, the three Baltic States agreed on a common strategic goal: the synchronisation of their

power systems with the European network. It is recognised as a self-standing objective of the

reinforced BEMIP cooperation (Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan) as it would contribute to

achieving a fully functioning and connected internal energy market and to increasing energy security

in the electricity and gas sectors of the Baltic States. A dedicated BEMIP Working Group was set up

supported by the Commission to work on the identification of the most cost-efficient synchronisation

scenario that ensures system stability. The infrastructure element of the synchronisation of the Baltic

States' electricity system with the European network has been included in the 3rd list of Projects of

Common Interest.

3.1.2. Gas

O the upstrea gas arket, u til the ope i g of the Klaipėda LNG ter inal

and the signing of an

LNG supply contract with Statoil, Gazprom was the only gas supplier to Lithuania and the whole

Eastern-Balti

regio . The Klaipėda LNG ter i al sig ifi a tl e ha ed se urit of atural gas suppl

for all consumers in the Baltic States by providing an alternative gas supply source on the basis of full

Third Party Access, thus ending Lithuania's single dependency on Russian gas.

Klaipėda LNG ter i al

regasification capacities of 3.8 bcm/y (10.3 mcm/d) are sufficient to cover around 90% of all current

demand of the Baltic States. The related gas pipeline (Klaipeda-Kursenai) was commissioned in

November 2015. Furthermore, an agreement on a gas interconnector with Poland (GIPL) was

reached in September 2015, and works are advancing.

The diversification of import sources via the new LNG terminal has had a positive impact on prices.

The gas market is 100% liberalised and customers are free to choose among gas suppliers, while the

concentration on the wholesale market remains very high.

(source: ACER for the left graph and EC services based on on Platts, gas hubs, Eurostat for the right graph)

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3.2. Retail electricity and gas markets

3.2.1. Electricity

In 2016, households' electricity prices in Lithuania were below the EU average. Between 2013 and

2016 average band retail electricity prices for households decreased, but to a lesser extent than the

wholesale prices.

(source: ACER)

(source: Eurostat)

3.2.2. Gas

In 2016, household gas prices were slightly below the EU average. In the same year, the switching

rate of gas household customers was inexistent (0 %), the same as for electricity.

Natural gas smart metering is planned to be installed in Lithuania, starting with a pilot project for

large customers.

(source: ACER)

(source: Eurostat)

3.2.3. Market performance indicators

According to the periodical survey by DG JUST, Lithuanian consumers are slightly more satisfied than

the EU average about the services received on energy retail markets.

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(source: DG JUST survey)

3.3. Energy affordability

In Lithuania, climate conditions imply significant heating needs in EU comparison and the share of

energy in total household expenditures of the lowest quintile of population is higher than the EU

average. It is estimated that around 39.4% of households report that they are enable to keep their

homes adequately warm. This figure is higher than the EU average.

(source: ad-hoc data collection of DG ENER based on HBS with the support of Eurostat and national statistics)

4. Energy efficiency and moderation of demand

Primary energy consumption has been steadily decreasing in Lithuania and the current level (5.8

Mtoe in 2015) is already below the 2020 target for primary energy consumption (6.5 Mtoe). On the

other hand, Lithuania's final energy consumption has been relatively stable and following a year-on-

year increase of 2% in 2015 stood at 4.9 Mtoe. This is mainly due to an increase of the final energy

consumption in the transport sector by some 28% during this period, offsetting savings in other

sectors. Therefore, in order to reach its 2020 target for final energy consumption (4.3 Mtoe),

Lithuania must further increase its efforts in promoting energy efficiency.

Although primary energy intensity decreased over the 2005-2015 period, it remains above EU

average.

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(source: Eurostat)

In 2015, the residential sector was the biggest energy consuming sector representing a 28% share in

the total final energy consumption, which is above than the EU average (i.e. 25.4%). The energy

consumption of Lithuania's transport sector was in 2015 at 37.6% in total final energy consumption,

above the EU average of 33.1%. Finally, the energy consumption of the services sectors is below the

EU average, with a share in total final energy consumption of 11.9%.

2015 LT: Final energy

consumption

4,9 Mtoe

2015 EU28: Final energy

consumption

1084,0 Mtoe

0,3%

2,1%

other (non-specified)

agriculture/forestry/fishing

0,4%

waste

2,3%

agriculture/forestry/fishing

13,6%

services

11,9%

services

28,0%

residential

37,6%

transport

20,2%

industry

25,4%

residential

33,1%

transport

25,3%

industry

(source: Eurostat)

In terms of energy efficiency, some progress can be observed in the final energy intensity in industry

and in the services sector as well as in the final consumption per m

for the residential sector.

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(source: Eurostat)

(source: Odyssee database)

Between 2005 and 2015, the final energy consumption in transport recorded an average annual

increase of 2.9%, slightly higher than the 2.7% average annual increase of the GDP.

(source: Eurostat)

(source: Eurostat and DG MOVE pocketbook)

The share of collective passengers land transport into total passengers' transport increased between

2005 and 2015 indicating a higher use of public transport means.

(source: Eurostat)

One of the key directions of the transport policy of Lithuania is to strengthen the interaction of

different transport modes. In the field of carriage of goods, much attention is being paid to the

intermodal transportation processes and technologies. The Lithuanian National Transport

Development Programme (2014-2022) emphasizes need for a sustainable development of Lithuanian

transport sector, effective management of state resources and structural funds of the EU, and

enhancement of transport sector competitiveness. Main focuses are on increasing mobility of goods

and passengers, improving the corridors of the core network of the EU Trans-European Transport

Networks as well as their connections with national and local transport networks, and increasing the

efficiency of multimodal transport.

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Lithuania is facing challenges in meeting the European target for transport under the Europe 2020

strategy. The Lithuanian rail network remains among the least electrified rail networks in the EU. No

progress has been observed over the period of 2010-2015 and only 6.9% of rail tracks are electrified.

However, with the help of different financial and funding instruments significant progress is expected

over the coming years.

Decarbonisation of the economy

5.1. GHG emissions

In 2016, GHG emissions in Lithuania were about 60% below their 1990 levels, and therefore,

significantly below the EU average of 23% emissions reduction. Lithuania is expected to meet its GHG

target under the Effort Sharing Decision by a margin of 13 percentage points.

(source: EC and EEA)

However, according to 2016 EEA estimates, the GHG intensity of Lithuania's economy was above the

EU average. Nevertheless, the GHG emissions per capita were well below the EU average.

In 2015, the largest sectors in terms of GHG emissions were the transport sector (25.4 % of the total

GHG emissions) followed by agriculture (23.9 %), industry (22.8 %). In relative terms, the GHG

emissions from residential and commercial sectors were well below the EU average (i.e. 5.2% vs

12.2%).

(source: EC and EEA)

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Preliminary accounts under the Kyoto Protocol for Lithuania show overall removals of 1.8 Mt CO

eq.

as an annual average in the period 2013-2015. For comparison, the annual average of the EU-28

accounted for removals of 119.0 Mt. CO

eq. It should be noted that in this preliminary simulated

accounting exercise, removals from Forest Management were capped to 1.7 Mt CO

eq per year, due

to significantly exceeding the limit of the difference between the reported sink and the accounting

forest management reference level.

The highest contributor to removals is Forest Management. Although smaller, removals by

Afforestation have similar importance than emissions by Deforestation, expect for the year 2015

where accounted emissions were nearly zero. Overall, there is an increasing trend in removals,

mainly due to declining emissions by Deforestation. Afforestation shows also increasing removals

over the course of the three-year period.

Note: Forest Management credits are capped and presented as yearly averages when the total Forest

Management credits of the considered period exceed the simulated cap over the same period.

(source: EC and EEA)

emissions in transport and alternative fuelled vehicles

The average CO

emissions of new cars in Lithuania were in 2016 above the EU average but

decreased substantially between 2005 and 2016.

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(source: European Environment Agency)

The share of alternative fuel cars is increasing, but is still low. By 2016 only 26 publicly available

charging points have been installed.

(European Environment Agency)

(European Alternative Fuels Observatory)

National Policy Frameworks under Directive 2014/94/EU on alternative fuels infrastructure have to

establish targets, objective and measures for the development of the market of alternative fuels in

the transport sector and the deployment of the relevant infrastructure. Lithuania has submitted its

National Policy Framework as requested under article 3 of the Directive 2014/94/EU.

A detailed assessment of the Lithuanian National Policy Framework in terms of its compliance with

the requirements of Directive 2014/94/EU on alternative fuels infrastructure, its contribution to

achievement of long-term energy and climate objectives of the Union and coherence of its targets

and objectives in terms of cross-border continuity has been published as part of the Communication

on Alternative Fuels Action Plans

(COM(2017)652)

and the related staff working document

SWD(2017)365.

5.2. Adaptation to climate change

Lithuania adopted a 'Strategy for National Climate management Policy 2013-2050' in 2012. An

Interinstitutional Action Plan on the implementation of the goals and objectives of this Strategy was

adopted for the period of 2013-2020. The following priority sectors have been identified: energy,

transport, industry, agriculture, landscape, spatial planning, ecosystems and biodiversity, fisheries

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and aquaculture sector, forestry, tourism, groundwater resources, and waste management. Every

two years, the Government of the Republic of Lithuania prepares a report on the implementation of

the Strategy. The outcomes of the monitoring, reporting and evaluation scheme will feed into further

development of the Action Plan and the update of the Strategy.

5.3. Taxes on energy and transport

The overall tax burden on energy and transport in Lithuania amounts to 1.7% of GDP, which is

considerably below the EU average and has remained at this level since 2007. This is explained by low

revenue from taxation of heat and electricity as well as of transport vehicles. The tax burden on

transport fuels is in contrast above the EU average. There is no CO

component in the taxation

frameworks for energy products or vehicles in Lithuania.

Energy & Transport related taxes as % GDP

Total transport and electricity taxes [%GDP]:

1,68

[% GDP]

1,65

2,28

2,37

2007

2014

2007

2014

Heat & Electricity

Transport Vehicles

EU28

Transport Fuel

(source: Eurostat)

5.4. Renewable energy

Lithua ia’s re e a le e erg share, e pressed i per e tage of gross fi al e erg

25.8% in 2015, above its 2020 target of 23%.

o su ptio , as

This good performance was driven mostly by the heating sector, where the share of renewables

reached 46%, as opposed to a 39% renewables share anticipated for 2020 by Lithuania's National

Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP). This reflects a strong growth during the last five years in the

deployment of biomass via new investment in district heating and cogeneration, also helping raise

the renewables shares in electricity production. Investment in geothermal, solar thermal and heat

pumps remained however below the intended development. The large share of renewable heating

using local biomass and new efficient, mostly CHP production facilities helped Lithuania to reduce

heating costs to households and businesses in many localities, while at the same time reducing the

dependence on imported natural gas from Russia, which it has been replacing.

Lithuania is however below the 2020 target of 10% for renewable energy share in transport, with

4.6% in 2015. Renewable energy in electricity generation is about 16%.

There is no data on fossil fuel subsidies for Lithuania.

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(source: Eurostat-SHARES)

Due to a consistent deployment of renewables since 2005, it is estimated that Lithuania avoided in

2015 about 11.8% of the fossil fuel in gross inland consumption and about 9.4% of GHG emissions at

national level

(source: EEA)

5.5. Contribution of the Energy Union to better air quality

Air quality in Lithuania continues to give cause for concern. For the year 2013, the European

Environment Agency estimated that about 3,170 premature deaths were attributable to fine

particulate matter (PM

2.5

) concentrations

Avoided GHG emissions mentioned here have a theoretical character as these contributions do not necessarily

represent 'net GHG savings per se' nor are they based on life-cycle assessment or full carbon accounting.

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For PM, Lithuania reported exceedances of the binding EU air quality standard

. For the year 2015,

Lithuania reported exceedances of the limit value for PM

in 1 out of the 3 air quality zones in

Lithuania as shown in the figure below.

Air quality zones in exceedance of EU air quality standards

[number of zones]

NO2 Annual limit value PM2.5 Annual limit value PM10 Daily limit value

number of zones exceeding

number of zones not exceeding

(source: EEA)

The health-related external costs from air pollution in Lithuania have been estimated to be more

than

EUR 1 billion/year

(income adjusted, 2010), which includes the intrinsic value of living a healthy

life without premature death as well as the direct costs to the economy such as healthcare costs and

lost working days due to sickness caused by air pollution

The Energy Union can substantially contribute to addressing these air quality problems through

measures reducing emissions of both GHG and air pollutants such as PM and nitrogen oxides (NO

)

from major contributing sectors such as (road) transport, energy production, industry and residential

heating (e.g. stoves and boilers) as shown in the figure below

Agriculture

PM2.5 emissions by sectors - 2015*

2,9%

77,8%

3,5%

3,6%

2,5%

0,5%

0,0%

NOx emisisons by sectors - 2015*

17,6%

7,5%

9,4%

8,0%

1,4%

8,1%

0,0%

Commercial, institutional and households

Energy production and distribution

Energy use in industry

Industrial processes and product use

Non-road transport

Other

Road transport

6,6%

2,6%

0,1%

47,9%

Waste

*NECD data submitted by MS to EEA at 28th May 2015

(Source: EEA. This table reflects only sources of primary PM

2,5

emissions.)

European Environment Agency, 2016,

Air Quality in Europe

–

2016 Report,

table 10.2. The report also

includes details as regards the underpinning methodology for calculating premature deaths.

Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality

and cleaner air for Europe, OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p.1-44

See also the EU Environmental Implementation Review Country Report for Lithuania, SWD(2017)48 final of

3.2.2017

National emission data as reported by the Member States to the EEA (available on the EEA's Eionet/Central

Data Repository),

http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/lt/eu/nec_revised

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6. Research, innovation and competitiveness

6.1.

Research and innovation policy

The main energy research areas funded by the Lithuanian government include the development of

planning methods for the energy sector; the safety and reliability of power plants and their impact on

the environment; efficient use of energy; and renewable energy sources. Priorities for future

research include thermal physics; fluid mechanics and metrology; simulation of complex systems;

development of new control methods; the effects of ageing on construction materials used in the

energy sector; development of new multifunction materials; and combustion and plasma processes

to save fuel, reduce environmental pollution and improve incinerator performance.

Lithuania is not a very active contributor to the ongoing work of the Strategic Energy Technology

(SET) Plan. It only participates in one (out of fourteen) temporary working groups for the

implementation of the integrated SET Plan, the one dedicated to nuclear safety.

Regarding the Horizon 2020 programme, Lithuania has so far received 0.1% of the EU contribution

devoted to the 'secure, clean and efficient energy' part of the programme. As of September 2017, 27

participations from Lithuanian organisations have been awarded EUR 2.5 million in Horizon 2020

energy projects. This includes a grant of almost EUR 0.5 million to UAB MET for its participation in

project SUSPIRE (energy recovery from residual heat) and another of also almost EUR 0.5 million to

Geotherma UAB for its participation in project DESTRESS (geothermal reservoirs).

6.2. Investments and patents in the Energy Union R&I priorities

In 2014, public (national) investments in the Energy Union R&I priorities reached EUR 2.3 million

having decreased by 12% compared to 2013. The largest share of these investments (51%) was

attracted by the Sustainable Transport priority of the Energy Union, followed by the Efficient Systems

and Renewables priorities (19% and 18%, respectively). In the period 2011-2014, the maximum

annual public investment was EUR 4 million, reported in 2012. In 2014, the most recent year for

which data from most Member States are available, public investment per GDP in Lithuania was

lower than the EU average.

Private investment in the Energy Union R&I priorities in 2013 was estimated at EUR 10 million (0.06%

of the private R&I investment in Energy Union R&I priorities in the EU). The focus was on the Smart

Systems priority, which attracted all the investment.

In 2013, the most recent year for which complete patent

statistics are available, 5 companies and

research organisations based in Lithuania filed 6 patents in low-carbon energy technologies (0.1% of

the EU total). The focus was on the Smart System (83%) and Efficient Systems (17%) priorities.

In 2013, both private investments and patents in Energy Union R&I priorities were lower than the EU

average when normalised by GDP and by population respectively. In the period 2008-2013, both

private R&I investments and the number of patents in Energy Union R&I priorities increased on

In the context of this document, the term 'patent' refers to patent families, rather than applications, as a

measure of innovative activity. Patent families include all documents relevant to a distinct invention (e.g.

applications to multiple authorities), thus preventing multiple counting. A fraction of the family is allocated

to each applicant and relevant technology.

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average by 40% and 32% per year, showing higher rates of increase than the EU indicators (6% and

15% respectively).

Note: Data only available for the years 2011-2014 as collected by JRC SETIS.

(Data sources: Public investment as collected by JRC SETIS for codes relevant to Energy Union RIC priorities.

Patent data based on the European Patent Office PATSTAT database

. Private investment as estimated by JRC

SETIS. Detailed methodology available from the JRC

6.3. Competitiveness

In 2014, the real unit energy costs (RUEC)

in Lithuania (13.3) were below those at the EU average

(15.3).

https://www.epo.org/searching-for-patents/business/patstat.html#tab1

https://setis.ec.europa.eu/related-jrc-activities/jrc-setis-reports/monitoring-ri-low-carbon-energy-technologies

This indicator measures the amount of money spent on energy sources needed to obtain one unit of value

added.

kom (2017) 0688 - Ingen titel

Energy Union

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Lithuania

(source: ECFIN)

(source: Eurostat and IEA)

Regarding the competitiveness in wind and solar energy, Lithuania has slightly improved over time

but is performing well below the EU average in both sectors in terms of revealed comparative

advantage

. The relative trade balance

, however, shows that Lithuania is a net importer of solar

energy components and has a small surplus in terms of wind technologies and components.

Revealed Comparative Advantage -

RCA

absolute change 2005 - 2015:

0,06

0,5

Relative Trade Balance - RTB

absolute change 2005 - 2015:

0,05

-0,07

0,22

1,0

0,17

0,26

-0,08

0,06

[-]

0,0

-0,5

-1,0

solar

wind

solar

wind

solar

wind

solar

wind

EU28

2005

2015

2005

2015

(source: UN comtrade)

7. Regional and local cooperation

Lithuania is part of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP).

BEMIP’s ai o je ti es

are to develop an internal and regional energy market between the EU Member States in the Baltic

Sea region and integrating it fully into the EU's energy markets thus increasing security of supplies.

BEMIP projects have been part of the European Economic Recovery Plan (EERP) and the Trans-

European Energy Networks Programme. BEMIP projects have also been funded through the EU's

The RCA index for product "i" is defined as follows:

RCA

∑ X,

Xw,

∑ Xw,

exports and

��

imports.

the country and w is the reference group, the World economy. 2005 refers in the text to the indicator average

over the 2000-2009 period, while 2015 represents the average over the 2010-2016 period. The same applies for

the RTB indicator - see below.

�� −��

The RTB indicator for product "i" is defined as follows:

��

where

��

is the value of product's "i"

��

+��

��

where

is the value of exports, and j is

kom (2017) 0688 - Ingen titel

Energy Union

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Lithuania

structural funds, including the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Cohesion Fund

(CF). Many infrastructure projects are supported through CEF co-funding amounting to 534.3 million

euro. In the framework of the societal challenge for secure, clean and efficient energy of the Horizon

2020 programme, 16.9 million euro is allocated to participants from the Baltics to stimulate research

and innovation in this field.

The Baltic region was the first region that adopted in 2012 a joint Risk Assessment of the risks

affecting the security of gas supply in the region under the Regulation on Security of Gas Supply

which is currently being updated

. The three Baltic countries and Finland are working together on

the preparation of a joint Preventive Action Plans and an Emergency Plan for the region.

The EU macro-regional strategy for the Baltic Sea Region in which Lithuania takes part can be used

as a basis for regional cooperation on energy. Lithuania is a co-coordinator of the policy area

'Energy'. European Territorial Cooperation

–

'Interreg'

–

under EU cohesion policy also provides

further opportunities for cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation, including in the

Energy Union areas.

Cities and urban areas have a key role in the energy and climate challenge. The Urban Agenda for the

EU, established by the Pact of Amsterdam in May 2016, better involves cities in the design and

implementation of policies, including those related to the Energy Union. It is implemented through

Partnerships, in which the Commission, Member States, cities and stakeholders work together on a

number of important areas, including on Energy Transition, Urban Mobility, Air Quality, Climate

Adaptation and Housing.

By 2016, in the context of the Covenant of Mayors, the sustainable energy action plans delivered by

14 Lithuanian municipalities had been assessed. Overall, these municipalities cover more than 1.4

million inhabitants. All together, these municipalities committed to reduce by 2020 the GHG

emissions by 47.5% (as compared to 1990 baseline).

(source: JRC 2016. Notes: SEAP=sustainable energy action plan, GHG=greenhouse gas emissions)

In Lithuania, by September 2016, no cities have yet committed to conduct vulnerability and risk

assessment and develop and implement adaptation plans in the framework of the Covenant of

Mayors for Climate and Energy.

8. Cohesion policy and EU clean energy investments

EU cohesion policy makes a key contribution to delivering the Energy Union objectives on the

ground, including important investment possibilities to implement energy policy objectives in

Lithuania which are complemented by national public and private co-financing, aiming at optimal

Regulation (EU) No 994/2010

kom (2017) 0688 - Ingen titel

Energy Union

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Lithuania

leverage. It also ensures integrated territorial solutions to energy and climate challenges, supports

capacity building and provides technical assistance.

Over 2014-2020, cohesion policy is investing some EUR 977 million in energy efficiency

improvements in public and residential buildings and in enterprises, as well as in in high-efficiency

cogeneration and district heating, renewable energy and smart energy infrastructure in Lithuania.

Cohesion policy is also investing significantly in R&I and in SME competitiveness in Lithuania, based

on the national strategy for smart specialisation. For Lithuania, the strategy includes a focus on

energy and a sustainable environment priorities, namely (1) smart systems for energy efficiency,

diagnostic, monitoring, metering and management of generators, grids and customers, (2) energy

and fuel production using biomass/waste and waste treatment, storage and disposal, (3) technology

for the development and use of smart low-energy buildings

–

digital construction and (4) solar energy

equipment and technologies for its use for the production of electricity, heat and cooling. At this

stage, the allocations foreseen for investments in R&I and adoption of low-carbon technologies in

Lithuania are not specified, but should become available in line with the evolving content of the

smart specialisation strategy. A further estimated EUR 626 million is invested in supporting the move

towards an energy-efficient, decarbonised transport sector.

ERDF and Cohesion Funds allocation on energy,

low-carbon transport and low-carbon R&I

2014-2020

Total alocation [mn EUR]

977

1.200

1.000

626

[Million EUR]

800

600

400

200

Energy and Low-carbon R&I

Low-carbon transport

(source: DG REGIO)

These investments are expected to contribute to around 30,000 households with improved energy

consumption classification, a decrease of around 60,000,000 kWh per year of primary energy

consumption of public buildings, around 470 MW of additional capacity of renewable energy

production and 10 000 additional users connected to smart grids, as well as to around 70 km of

reconstructed or upgraded railway lines and 20 km of new or improved inland waterways. Overall,

the EU cohesion policy investments in Lithuania over 2014-2020 are expected to contribute to an

estimated annual decrease of GHG emissions of around 680,000 tonnes of CO2eq.

For example, the Renovation of the multi-apartment buildings programme is one of the country's

priority projects aimed at increasing energy efficiency of the most heat-intensive multi-apartment

buildings. In 2014-2020, around EUR 314 million from the European Regional Development Fund

(ERDF) will be invested through several financial instruments (loans and guarantees) into the

modernisation of old inefficient multi-apartment buildings and building blocks. The expected results

kom (2017) 0688 - Ingen titel

Energy Union

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Lithuania

of these investments include 30,000 families living in renovated homes with significantly reduced

energy consumption (by around 60% in average) and smaller energy bills. Until now, about 1000 loan

agreements have been signed with the final recipients, 750 multi-apartment buildings (over 19,000

households) have already been renovated, around 400 buildings are under renovation and another

700 buildings are in the pipeline. Possibilities of upscaling the available funding by attracting funding

from the European Fund for Strategic Investments (EFSI) are being actively explored.

As another example, the South Baltic region is repositioning itself as a liquefied natural gas hub. The

MarTech LNG project provided the crucial spark needed to unleash a range of investments in the LNG

shipbuilding and bunkering sectors. As a result, today the region boasts a cross-border cluster of

smart ports, shipbuilding yards, ship owners, technology firms and bunkering providers. During the

course of the project, MarTech LNG trained 200 experts in using the latest technology. It also

e sured the proje t’s i ol e e t i the leadi g LNG tradesho , ith proje t orga isers su essfull

securing the involvement of the private sector. The contribution from the European Regional

Development Fund (ERDF) amounted to EUR 1,088,532.

Through its support to sustainable transport systems, the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) also

contributes to the goals of the Energy Union. Following Lithuanian participation in the CEF

–

Transport 2014-2015 Calls, the Lithuanian action portfolio comprises 12 signed grant agreements,

allocating EUR 368.8 million of actual CEF Transport Funding to Lithuanian beneficiaries (state-of-play

February 2017)

. The transport mode which receives the highest share of funding is rail (84 % of

actual funding). Lithuania has a considerable rail portfolio under the CEF programme. Apart from the

involvement in a multinational study for the Rail Freight

Corridor “North Sea – Balti “, the fo us is

definitely on the Rail Baltic line, the most significant and strategic Global Project of the North Sea-

Baltic Corridor.

Lithuania has also enhanced its interest and activity in maritime transport actions compared to the

TEN-T Programme. It seeks actively to integrate maritime transport better in the logistics chain by

upgrading the Klaipeda-Karlshamn line and by promoting the use of LNG fuels.

Note that European Economic Interest Groups and International Organisations are excluded from the analysis.

Source: INEA